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Generate Key Pairs Between Geni Nodes

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PuTTYgen is an key generator tool for creating SSH keys for PuTTY. It is analogous to the ssh-keygen tool used in some other SSH implementations. The basic function is to create public and private key pairs. PuTTY stores keys in its own format in.ppk files. However, the tool can also convert keys to and from other formats. Note that your key pair is idrsa and idrsa.pub files in shown directories. Your idrsa is private key which will reside on source machine. Idrsa.pub is public key which reside on destination machine. When SSH attempt is made from source to destination, protocol checks these both keys.

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Throughout the lifecycle of your Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) cluster, you may need to access an AKS node. This access could be for maintenance, log collection, or other troubleshooting operations. You can access AKS nodes using SSH, including Windows Server nodes (currently in preview in AKS). You can also connect to Windows Server nodes using remote desktop protocol (RDP) connections. For security purposes, the AKS nodes aren't exposed to the internet. To SSH to the AKS nodes, you use the private IP address.

This article shows you how to create an SSH connection with an AKS node using their private IP addresses.

Before you begin

The KeyPairGenerator class is used to generate pairs of public and private keys. Key pair generators are constructed using the getInstance factory methods (static methods that return instances of a given class). A Key pair generator for a particular algorithm creates a public/private key pair that can be used with this algorithm. Nov 22, 2013 In functional brain networks, nodes represent some predefined collection of brain tissue, and edges measure functional connectivity between pairs of nodes. Functional connectivity is an observable phenomenon quantifiable with measures of statistical dependencies, such as correlations, coherence, or transfer entropy (Friston, 1994, 2011 ). Apr 12, 2018 Step 1 — Create the RSA Key Pair. The first step is to create a key pair on the client machine (usually your computer): ssh-keygen By default ssh-keygen will create a 2048-bit RSA key pair, which is secure enough for most use cases (you may optionally pass in the -b 4096 flag to create a larger 4096-bit key).

This article assumes that you have an existing AKS cluster. If you need an AKS cluster, see the AKS quickstart using the Azure CLI or using the Azure portal.

Mar 10, 2018  ssh-keygen tool is used to generate private/public key pair for ssh. By default, tool generates the private (idrsa) and public (idrsa.pub) keys in /.ssh/ directory. We can generate the keys using dsa algorithm as well. These key-pairs are used for password-less login, Single sign On. RandomKeygen is a free mobile-friendly tool that offers randomly generated keys and passwords you can use to secure any application, service or device. KEY RandomKeygen - The Secure Password & Keygen Generator.

By default, SSH keys are obtained, or generated, then added to nodes when you create an AKS cluster. This article shows you how to specify different SSH keys than the SSH keys used when you created your AKS cluster. The article also shows you how to determine the private IP address of your node and connect to it using SSH. If you don't need to specify a different SSH key, then you may skip the step for adding the SSH public key to the node.

This article also assumes you have an SSH key. You can create an SSH key using macOS or Linux or Windows. If you use PuTTY Gen to create the key pair, save the key pair in an OpenSSH format rather than the default PuTTy private key format (.ppk file).

You also need the Azure CLI version 2.0.64 or later installed and configured. Run az --version to find the version. If you need to install or upgrade, see Install Azure CLI.

Configure virtual machine scale set-based AKS clusters for SSH access

To configure your virtual machine scale set-based for SSH access, find the name of your cluster's virtual machine scale set and add your SSH public key to that scale set.

Use the az aks show command to get the resource group name of your AKS cluster, then the az vmss list command to get the name of your scale set.

The above example assigns the name of the cluster resource group for the myAKSCluster in myResourceGroup to CLUSTER_RESOURCE_GROUP. The example then uses CLUSTER_RESOURCE_GROUP to list the scale set name and assign it to SCALE_SET_NAME.

Important

At this time, you should only update your SSH keys for your virtual machine scale set-based AKS clusters using the Azure CLI.

For Linux nodes, SSH keys can currently only be added using the Azure CLI. If you want to connect to a Windows Server node using SSH, use the SSH keys provided when you created the AKS cluster and skip the next set of commands for adding your SSH public key. You will still need the IP address of the node you wish to troubleshoot, which is shown in the final command of this section. Alternatively, you can connect to Windows Server nodes using remote desktop protocol (RDP) connections instead of using SSH.

To add your SSH keys to the nodes in a virtual machine scale set, use the az vmss extension set and az vmss update-instances commands.

The above example uses the CLUSTER_RESOURCE_GROUP and SCALE_SET_NAME variables from the previous commands. The above example also uses ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub as the location for your SSH public key.

Note

By default, the username for the AKS nodes is azureuser.

After you add your SSH public key to the scale set, you can SSH into a node virtual machine in that scale set using its IP address. View the private IP addresses of the AKS cluster nodes using the kubectl get command.

The follow example output shows the internal IP addresses of all the nodes in the cluster, including a Windows Server node.

Record the internal IP address of the node you wish to troubleshoot.

To access your node using SSH, follow the steps in Create the SSH connection.

Configure virtual machine availability set-based AKS clusters for SSH access

To configure your virtual machine availability set-based AKS cluster for SSH access, find the name of your cluster's Linux node, and add your SSH public key to that node.

Use the az aks show command to get the resource group name of your AKS cluster, then the az vm list command to list the virtual machine name of your cluster's Linux node.

The above example assigns the name of the cluster resource group for the myAKSCluster in myResourceGroup to CLUSTER_RESOURCE_GROUP. The example then uses CLUSTER_RESOURCE_GROUP to list the virtual machine name. The example output shows the name of the virtual machine:

To add your SSH keys to the node, use the az vm user update command.

Generate Key Pairs Between Geni Nodes System

The above example uses the CLUSTER_RESOURCE_GROUP variable and the node virtual machine name from previous commands. The above example also uses ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub as the location for your SSH public key. You could also use the contents of your SSH public key instead of specifying a path.

Note

By default, the username for the AKS nodes is azureuser.

After you add your SSH public key to the node virtual machine, you can SSH into that virtual machine using its IP address. View the private IP address of an AKS cluster node using the az vm list-ip-addresses command.

The above example uses the CLUSTER_RESOURCE_GROUP variable set in the previous commands. The following example output shows the private IP addresses of the AKS nodes:

Create the SSH connection

To create an SSH connection to an AKS node, you run a helper pod in your AKS cluster. This helper pod provides you with SSH access into the cluster and then additional SSH node access. To create and use this helper pod, complete the following steps:

  1. Run a debian container image and attach a terminal session to it. This container can be used to create an SSH session with any node in the AKS cluster:

    Tip

    If you use Windows Server nodes (currently in preview in AKS), add a node selector to the command to schedule the Debian container on a Linux node:

    kubectl run -it --rm aks-ssh --image=debian --overrides='{'apiVersion':'apps/v1','spec':{'template':{'spec':{'nodeSelector':{'beta.kubernetes.io/os':'linux'}}}}}'

  2. Once the terminal session is connected to the container, install an SSH client using apt-get:

  3. Open a new terminal window, not connected to your container, copy your private SSH key into the helper pod. This private key is used to create the SSH into the AKS node.

    If needed, change ~/.ssh/id_rsa to location of your private SSH key:

  4. Return to the terminal session to your container, update the permissions on the copied id_rsa private SSH key so that it is user read-only:

  5. Create an SSH connection to your AKS node. Again, the default username for AKS nodes is azureuser. Accept the prompt to continue with the connection as the SSH key is first trusted. You are then provided with the bash prompt of your AKS node:

Remove SSH access

When done, exit the SSH session and then exit the interactive container session. When this container session closes, the pod used for SSH access from the AKS cluster is deleted.

Next steps

If you need additional troubleshooting data, you can view the kubelet logs or view the Kubernetes master node logs.

Generate Key Pairs Between Geni Nodes Location

PuTTY is a freely available SSH client program for Windows.

Before You Begin

Before you use the PuTTY program to connect to a node, you need the following:

Generate Key Pairs Between Geni Nodes Location

  • The IP address of the node

  • The SSH private key file that pairs with the public key associated with the cluster

    The public key was associated with your cluster when it was created. If you don’t have the private key that’s paired with the public key, contact your administrator.

    The private key file must be of the PuTTY .ppk format. If the private key file was originally created on the Linux platform, you can use the PuTTYgen program to convert it to the .ppk format.

To connect to a node using the PuTTY program on Windows:

Generate Key Pairs Between Geni Nodes In Back

  1. Download and install PuTTY.

    To download PuTTY, go to http://www.putty.org/ and click the You can download PuTTY here link.

  2. Run the PuTTY program.

    The PuTTY Configuration window is displayed, showing the Session panel.

  3. In Host Name (or IP address) box, enter the IP address of the node.
  4. Confirm that the Connection type option is set to SSH.
  5. In the Category tree, expand Connection if necessary and then click Data.
  6. In the Auto-login username box, enter opc. As the opc user, you can use the sudo command to gain root access to the node, as described in the last step, below.
  7. Confirm that the When username is not specified option is set to Prompt.
  8. In the Category tree, expand SSH and then click Auth.

    The Auth panel is displayed.

  9. Click the Browse button next to the Private key file for authentication box. Then, in the Select private key file window, navigate to and open the private key file that matches the public key that is associated with the cluster.
  10. In the Category tree, click Session.
  11. In the Saved Sessions box, enter a name for this connection configuration. Then, click Save.
  12. Click Open to open the connection.

    The PuTTY Configuration window is closed and the PuTTY window is displayed.

    If this is the first time you are connecting to the VM, the PuTTY Security Alert window is displayed, prompting you to confirm the public key. Click Yes to continue connecting.