Allow All Sites To Use Key Generation In Forms.
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Oct 14, 2016 Tip. All applications touching the repository should specify the same settings with the IDataProtectionBuilder extension methods. Otherwise, the properties of the persisted key will be dependent on the particular application that invoked the key generation routines. Generate random alpha, numeric, or both, CD keys for software distribution and registration. A maximum key length of 48 characters may be generated. Generate a random 128-bit key (k1), a random 128-bit IV, and a random salt (64 bits is probably sufficient). Use PBKDF2 to generate a 256-bit key from your password and the salt, then split that into two 128-bit keys (k2, k3). Make sure your algorithm's native output is at least 256 bits, or this will be slow. PBKDF2-SHA256 is a good choice.
Creating and managing keys is an important part of the cryptographic process. Symmetric algorithms require the creation of a key and an initialization vector (IV). The key must be kept secret from anyone who should not decrypt your data. The IV does not have to be secret, but should be changed for each session. Asymmetric algorithms require the creation of a public key and a private key. The public key can be made public to anyone, while the private key must known only by the party who will decrypt the data encrypted with the public key. This section describes how to generate and manage keys for both symmetric and asymmetric algorithms.
Symmetric Keys
The symmetric encryption classes supplied by the .NET Framework require a key and a new initialization vector (IV) to encrypt and decrypt data. Whenever you create a new instance of one of the managed symmetric cryptographic classes using the parameterless constructor, a new key and IV are automatically created. Anyone that you allow to decrypt your data must possess the same key and IV and use the same algorithm. Generally, a new key and IV should be created for every session, and neither the key nor IV should be stored for use in a later session.
To communicate a symmetric key and IV to a remote party, you would usually encrypt the symmetric key by using asymmetric encryption. Sending the key across an insecure network without encrypting it is unsafe, because anyone who intercepts the key and IV can then decrypt your data. For more information about exchanging data by using encryption, see Creating a Cryptographic Scheme.
The following example shows the creation of a new instance of the TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider class that implements the TripleDES algorithm.
When the previous code is executed, a new key and IV are generated and placed in the Key and IV properties, respectively.
Sometimes you might need to generate multiple keys. In this situation, you can create a new instance of a class that implements a symmetric algorithm and then create a new key and IV by calling the GenerateKey and GenerateIVRsa_generate_key_ex in c. methods. The following code example illustrates how to create new keys and IVs after a new instance of the symmetric cryptographic class has been made.
When the previous code is executed, a key and IV are generated when the new instance of TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider is made. Another key and IV are created when the GenerateKey and GenerateIV methods are called.
Asymmetric Keys
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The .NET Framework provides the RSACryptoServiceProvider and DSACryptoServiceProvider classes for asymmetric encryption. These classes create a public/private key pair when you use the parameterless constructor to create a new instance. Asymmetric keys can be either stored for use in multiple sessions or generated for one session only. While the public key can be made generally available, the private key should be closely guarded.
A public/private key pair is generated whenever a new instance of an asymmetric algorithm class is created. After a new instance of the class is created, the key information can be extracted using one of two methods:
The ToXmlString method, which returns an XML representation of the key information.
The ExportParameters method, which returns an RSAParameters structure that holds the key information.
Both methods accept a Boolean value that indicates whether to return only the public key information or to return both the public-key and the private-key information. An RSACryptoServiceProvider class can be initialized to the value of an RSAParameters structure by using the ImportParameters method.
Asymmetric private keys should never be stored verbatim or in plain text on the local computer. If you need to store a private key, you should use a key container. For more on how to store a private key in a key container, see How to: Store Asymmetric Keys in a Key Container.
The following code example creates a new instance of the RSACryptoServiceProvider class, creating a public/private key pair, and saves the public key information to an RSAParameters structure.
See also
In-Browser Installation of Client Certificates
GlobalSign offers different certificate delivery methods for PersonalSign products, one of which is installing directly through the browser. Enterprise PKI administrators can set the default delivery option in their ePKI profile.
Individuals ordering from our retail site can choose this option by clicking Show Advanced Key Generation Options and choosing I will create the public/private keypair and CSR with Firefox or Internet Explorer.
Browser Compatibility
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| PKCS #12 (.pfx) Pickup | Browser-Based Installation | PKCS #10 (Provide CSR) |
|---|---|---|
| Google Chrome 1 - 48 | ||
| Google Chrome 49+ | ||
| Microsoft Internet Explorer | ||
| Microsoft Edge | ||
| Mozilla Firefox |
Google Chrome: As of Chrome 49, the <keygen> function has been disabled by default and digital certificate file types are downloaded instead of installed. While the keygen function can manually be enabled, the custom filetype handling is still removed, therefore installation through Google Chrome is not supported.
Microsoft Internet Explorer: IE uses the CertEnroll/XEnroll ActiveX control to generate and install certificates through the browser.
Microsoft Edge: Neither the <keygen> nor the CertEnroll/XEnroll ActiveX controls are present in Microsoft's new Edge browser.
Mozilla Firefox: This browser supports key generation and certificate installation by default through the <keygen> function and special certificate file type handling.
Note:While Firefox supports in-browser certificate installation, it uses its own keystore to store the certificate and is not shared with other applications. Installing through Internet Explorer will install the certificate to the Windows Certificate Store which is used by other applications such as Microsoft Office, Outlook, and Google Chrome. For this reason, Internet Explorer is recommended and is used in the example screenshots.
Instructions
Note: The default Cryptographic Service Provider should be Microsoft Enhanced Cryptographic Provider v1.0. Other providers may appear in the dropdown if you use smartcards in your environment. Selecting your smart card's CSP, such as Microsoft Base Smart Card Crypto Provider will install the certificate onto the smart card.
- When a PersonalSign certificate is ready for pickup, an e-mail will be sent out. Open the link from the pickup e-mail in Internet Explorer or Firefox to start the certificate pickup process.
- Enter the pickup password created during the ordering process:
- When prompted, click Yes to allow your browser to handle a digital certificate operation.
- Unless disabled at the profile level by your admin, check the box to mark your key as exportable. This will allow you to make backups of your certificate or move it to other computers and devices as needed.
- Agree to the subscriber agreement and press Next to continue.
- A Wait for a while.. message will display while the certificate is being generated.
- Once the certificate is generated, click Install Certificate
- You will get another prompt to allow your browser to handle a digital certificate operation. Click Yes.
- An Install Success window will appear when the operation completes successfully.
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The certificate is now installed and ready for use.